Adequate neurovascular dynamics, hemodynamic resistance, and microvascular stiffness are key to maintaining healthy brain function, whereas associated abnormalities play a crucial role in developing neurodegenerative or cardiovascular diseases. Characterising these features is pivotal for research and diagnostics and can generally be achieved by measuring perfusion and diameter changes associated with indigenous, e.g. cardiac or neurovascular activity, or exogenous factors, e.g. pharmacological stimulation. Such changes, however, often propagate rapidly over short microvascular segments and, therefore, require high-speed, high-resolution imaging to characterise them in detail. To address this challenge, our group has developed High-Speed Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging [1,2] (HS-LSCI) – a dynamic light scattering imaging technique that allows full-field microvascular perfusion imaging at >5000 frames per second. Here, we will explain the theoretical and technical foundations of high-speed blood flow imaging, discuss potential applications and show some of the first results acquired from the mouse cortex. Specifically, we will present the analysis of cardiac-cycle associated perfusion changes in ageing mice and approach the topic of the spatiotemporal dynamics of neurovascular response caused by air-puff stimulation of the mouse whiskers. All experimental protocols in the relevant studies were approved by the Danish National Animals Experiments Inspectorate and conducted according to their guidelines and guidelines from Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.