Previous studies have shown gender differences in specific cognitive abilities. Female generally, showing an advantage in verbal fluency, perceptual speed and accuracy and in fine motor skills, while male generally showing an advantage in spatial, working memory and mathematical abilities. Many studies have also shown that estrogen and testosterone accentuate cognitive functions in a similar fashion. However, between male and female who performs better on specific cognitive abilities have contradictory reports. As well as studies with progesterone hormone on cognitive function have contradictory reports, whether it accentuates or attenuates the cognitive abilities. So, we aimed to study and compare postovulatory phase cognitive functions of female with male cognitive functions. Female cognitive functions were assessed during postovulatory phase of menstrual cycle as it is well-known that blood progesterone level is high during postovulatory phase. The study was conducted in healthy 21 male and 21 female volunteers of age range 19-37 years. Four aspects of cognitive functions were assessed (viz: attentional, perceptual, executive and working memory). Attentional task as visual reaction time (VRT) and Go/No-Go VRT, perceptual task as fast counting (FC), executive task as Erisken flanker test (EFT) and Stroop test (ST) i.e. color interference reading and, working memory task as picture 2-back remembering were assessed by using cognitivefun.net program. Data were expressed in median and interquartile range (IQR), compared by using Mann-Whitney U test. On comparing cognitive functions between male and female there were no significant differences in all cognitive task variables except in VRT and ST (percentage of color accuracy). Male performed better than female in VRT (331.66 ms, IQR: 286.99 to375.33 vs. 367.8 ms, IQR: 340.66 to 435.66; p=0.05). However, in ST female have higher accuracy in reading color interference than that of male (100%, IQR: 95.12 to 100 vs. 95.24%, IQR: 86.36 to 100; p=0.04). Male showed trend of better performance than female in EFT congruent and incongruent time, working memory accuracy and combined time and in FC speed and accuracy. However, male showed trend of poorer performance than female in Go/No-Go VRT accuracy, average and combined time, ST color reading normal time and interference time and in working-memory average time. Thus, male performs better in attentional VRT than female postovulatory phase attentional VRT. Female has advantage in postovulatory phase and performs better than male in executive cognitive functions as assessed by ST. Perceptual and working memory in both male and female are comparable to each other. Therefore, in female at postovulatory phase progesterone hormone might be responsible to alter some aspects of cognitive functions.