Information from muscle spindles is important for kinesthetic perception. In a previous study, the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) and primary sensory cortex (S1) were activated when kinesthetic illusion was induced by tendon vibration. Therefore, it appears that a brain neural network (e.g., M1, S1) may contribute to the pathway of the kinesthetic feelings. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of excitability change in M1 on the sensitivity of kinesthetic perception. Two experiments were performed in this study. Nine healthy right-handed male volunteers participated in the experiments, with 7 of 9 subjects taking part in each experiment. Each experiment consisted of two sessions that were at least a week apart. Participants received quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (QPS), in which each train consisted of four magnetic pulses separated by an interstimulus interval of 5 msec (QPS-5), or Sham in each session. In experiment 1, the motor evoked potential (MEP) was recorded to evaluate M1 excitability. In experiment 2, the movement detection threshold was measured to examine the sensitivity of kinesthetic perception. MEP amplitude and movement detection threshold were recorded two times before QPS-5 or Sham (pre-1, pre-2) and at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after QPS-5 or Sham (post-0, post-15, post-30, post-45, and post-60). The ratio of MEP amplitude and movement detection threshold against pre-1 were calculated. Two-way ANOVA was used to test the effect of the “CONDITION” factor (SEP-5, Sham) and “TIME” factor (pre-2, post-0, post-15, post-30, post-45, post-60) on the MEP amplitude and movement detection threshold. For the factors that yielded significant main effect and interaction, we performed post hoc pair-wise comparisons with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). In MEP amplitude, there was a significant interaction between CONDITION and TIME factors. Post hoc test results revealed that MEP amplitude increased significantly after QPS-5. On the other hand, there was no effect of Sham on the MEP amplitude. In the movement detection threshold, there was a significant interaction between the CONDITION and TIME factors. Post hoc test results showed that the movement detection threshold decreased significantly after QPS-5.