Morphological technique that allows a detailed descriptive and quantitative analysis of vascular and endothelial cells of micro vessels in situ is of importance in studying the effects of vascular diseases or ageing could have on vascular structure. Confocal imaging of Fluo-4-loaded ureter used in the present study allowed us to perform morphological analysis of the microvessels: terminal arterioles with an inner diameter < 50 µm in intact rat ureter. Optical sectioning showed that muscle coat (media) of the terminal arterioles consisted of a monolayer of highly curved smooth muscle cells which run circumferentially around endothelium. This technique allowed us to measure the inner diameter of the terminal arterioles, define an orientation and a number of revolutions an individual smooth muscle cell made around endothelium and measure thickness, width, and morphological profile of the myocyte. By multiplying circumference of the arteriole by a number of revolutions we calculated the average length of the smooth muscle cell which in the terminal arterioles with the inner diameter of 15 µm was 100.4±4.2 μm (n=29 cells, 17 vessels). The average thickness and width of the smooth muscle cell in it’s central part were 3.04±0.05 µm and 6.7±0.2 μm, respectively (n=14 cells, 5 vessels). Endothelial cells of the ureteric terminal arteriole were arranged as a monolayer of slightly overlapping longitudinally oriented asymmetrical cells with the central nucleated part projecting markedly into the lumen of the arteriole. The width and the height of the endothelial cells in their central part were 3.2±0.1 μm and 5.06±0.44 μm (n=21, 10 vessels), respectively and the length was 61.8±27 μm. Some of our morphological data can be compared to that from electron microscopy, electron scanning microscopy and silver nitrate staining technique. Our technique allowed us not only to measure all the dimensions and orientation of the smooth muscle and endothelial cells of the terminal arterioles in their natural environment but also study mechanisms controlling Ca signalling and vasomotion in these microvessels.