Golgi cells are important elements of the cerebellar cortex, controlling the flow of mossy fibre information to other cells via granule cells. There have been several reports suggesting that climbing fibres contact Golgi cells, based on anatomy, but electrophysiologically climbing fibre stimulation is reported to depress Golgi cell firing (Schulman & Bloom, 1981). We have reinvestigated this problem and, given the interest in climbing fibres as mediators of synaptic plasticity in the cerebellar cortex, we have examined the effects of conjunctive peripheral afferent and climbing fibre stimulation. Experiments were performed on adult Wistar rats (300-350g) anaesthetised with urethane (1.2 g/Kg i.p.). Golgi cells were identified by their characteristic responses in response to stimulation of peripheral afferents (Holtzman et al, 2006). Climbing fibres (CF) projecting to Purkinje cells close to the Golgi cells (the vermis and crus II) were electrically stimulated: effective activation was confirmed by recordings of local field potentials and single Purkinje cells. All Golgi cells tested responded to adequate CF stimulation with a reduction in firing. The onset of the depression was brief (mean latency to minimum firing rate 7.7ms, SEM ±3.1ms, n = 13) and the mean duration of inhibition was134.6ms (SEM ±21.9ms, n = 13). Golgi cell responses to peripheral stimulation were sampled before and after ~20 minutes of conjunctive stimulation of peripheral afferents and CFs (0.6Hz). In all cases a reduction in the response to peripheral stimulation was observed after the conjunctive stimulation (i.e. a decrease in the inhibition). The reduction was statistically significant ( p<0.001, two-tailed paired T-test comparing magnitude of all responses before and after conjunctive stimulation). Control experiments in which only peripheral afferents or only CF were stimulated for 20 minutes did not produce significant changes in the Golgi cells responses. The changes to the responses to peripheral stimulation remained reduced for as long as the Golgi cells could be recorded (up to 84 minutes) after conjunctive stimulation with CFs. These results confirm the findings of Schulman and Bloom. In addition they show that conjunctive stimulation with climbing fibres can induce long term changes in the responses of Golgi cells to peripheral afferents in vivo. At this stage the site and mechanism underlying these changes is unknown, but the results raise the possibility that changes in Golgi cell peripheral responses mediated by climbing fibres can potentially contribute to cerebellar motor learning.