The validity of handheld infrared thermometers for the measurement of human skin temperature in temperate and hot environments

University of Manchester (2010) Proc Physiol Soc 19, PC160

Poster Communications: The validity of handheld infrared thermometers for the measurement of human skin temperature in temperate and hot environments

G. H. Evans1, J. Metcalfe1, H. Shahid1

1. School of Biology, Chemistry and Health Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.

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The measurement of skin temperature is commonplace in the areas of environmental and exercise physiology. Traditionally, skin temperature has been measured via placement of thermisters on appropriate sites of the body. Handheld infrared thermometers allow measurement of the temperature of a surface without the potential complications associated with contact measurement of skin temperature. Previous studies have observed that handheld infrared thermometers appear to be an accurate measure of human skin temperature at rest and during exercise in a range of environments (Buono et al. 2007), however these studies tend to involve a small number of participants. Following Ethical approval, thirteen healthy males participated in this investigation. Participants were instructed to avoid strenuous physical activity in the day before the trial. Participants arrived at the laboratory following an overnight fast with the exception of ingesting approximately 500 mL of water an hour before arrival. Following arrival, participants’ height and body mass were measured. Skin thermisters (previously validated for temperature measurement against a water bath set at 25°C) were secured to the right side of the chest, back, tricep and calf. A mark was made 2cm below each thermister and this was used as the measurement site for the infrared thermometer. Participants sat for 30 minutes in a room maintained at 20.1 ± 1.3°C and measurements of skin temperature were made at each site, using both methods, at 5 minute intervals. Participants were then moved to a room heated and maintained at 34.1 ± 1.8°C and the same protocol was repeated. Weighted mean skin temperature (WMST) was calculated using the formula of Ramanathan (1964). Statistical analysis included paired sample t-tests and Pearson correlations. In the temperate environment, the average WMST over the 30 minute period was recorded as 30.6 ± 0.7 °C and 30.4 ± 0.8 °C (P = 0.161) using data obtained from the thermisters and infrared thermometer respectively. The average WMST obtained from the thermisters was significantly correlated with that obtained from the infrared thermometer (R = 0.832, p < 0.001). In the hot environment, the average WMST over the 30 minute period was recorded as 32.2 ± 0.6 °C and 32.2 ± 0.6 °C (P = 0.313) using data obtained from the thermisters and infrared thermometer respectively. The average WMST obtained from the thermisters was significantly correlated with that obtained from the infrared thermometer (R = 0.863, p < 0.001). The results of this study add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that the use of handheld infrared thermometers is a valid, accurate, user friendly and relatively cheap method of measuring skin temperature in humans. This is of particular interest to those in the areas of environmental and exercise physiology.



Where applicable, experiments conform with Society ethical requirements.

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