Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high salt and/or sucrose diet as a representative model of a westernized diet highly laden with salt and refined sugar which has been implicated in the prevalence of obesity, diabetes and hypertension (Popkin, 2006). Meanwhile, few studies have explored the impact of such diet on reproductive function. Male rats (100-120g, n=24) were randomly divided into four groups designated control (standard chow), sucrose (30%w/v as drinking water), salt (8% salt diet) and sucrose+salt (30% w/v as drinking water + 8% salt diet). Animals were monitored daily and dietary manipulation did not result in any adverse effect. After 6 weeks, rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Sperm function was assessed post mortem. Blood sample was drawn via the retro-orbital sinus for estimation of serum levels of cortisol, testosterone, LH and FSH using ELISA kit and electrolytes using flame photometer. Oxidative analyses of testes homogenate were carried out using previously described methods (Morakinyo et al., 2011). Values are means ± S.E.M., compared by ANOVA. Results showed that sperm motility was significantly reduced in sucrose, salt, and sucrose+salt fed rats (18.8±3.75, 31.3±1.42, 10.5±0.50% P<0.05 respectively) compared with control (66.7±7.27%). Sperm count in the treated rats was significantly reduced (sucrose: 24.8±4.17, salt: 5.0±0.71, sucrose+salt: 5.0±0.71 x106/ml, P<0.05) compared with control (44.3±4.27 x106/ml). A further reduction in sperm count was observed in salt and sucrose+salt fed rats compared with sucrose fed rats. (5.0±0.71, 5.0±0.71 vs 24.8±4.17 x106/ml P<0.05 respectively). Similarly, the viability of sperm cells was reduced in the treated rats compared with control (sucrose: 10.0±0.82, salt: 14.0±4.71, sucrose+salt: 5.5±0.29 vs control: 66.3±7.42 %, P<0.05 respectively). High abnormal sperm morphology were observed in sucrose (53.0±4.12%), salt (66.0±5.77%) and sucrose+salt (60.0±2.89%) fed rats when compared with control (30.5±6.70% P<0.05). In addition, serum level of testosterone was significantly reduced in the treated rats compared with control (sucrose:14.3±3.03, salt:17.5±0.86, sucrose+salt:19.0±0.58 vs control:31.0±4.04 ng/ml P<0.05 respectively). Furthermore, sucrose, salt and sucrose+salt feeding resulted in increased level of serum cortisol (3.09±0.02, 2.98±0.38, 2.92±0.58µg/dl P<0.05 respectively) when compared with control (1.25±0.14µg/dl). MDA level was significantly increased in salt and sucrose+salt fed rats (5.76±1.57, 2.50±0.16 µmol/ml P<0.05 respectively) compared with control and sucrose fed rats (0.34±0.20, 1.21±0.50 µmol/ml respectively). Meanwhile, the activity of SOD was significantly increased in the treated rats compared with control (sucrose:8.12±0.17, salt:6.87±1.78, sucrose+salt:8.36±2.33 vs control:3.08±0.86 mmol/l P<0.05). These data indicate that consumption of a high sucrose and high salt diet either together or in isolation impact negatively on sperm function and may be underpinning the increasing prevalence of male infertility.