Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal osteoporosis alters estrogen receptor expressions, thereby elevating bone mechano-responsiveness. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), the first-approved bone anabolic drug, also sensitizes bone cells to mechanical stimuli and lowers the bone-modelling threshold of mechanical strain. Thus, the concurrent use of PTH with mechanical stimuli may be effective in preventing postmenopausal bone loss. We evaluated the combined bone-anabolic effect of PTH and low-intensity whole body vibration (WBV), which could be easily available for treating elderly osteoporotic patients. Female C57BL/6J mice were bilaterally ovariectomized (n=66) at 9 weeks of age and divided into six groups (n=11 each): the control group (C) and the groups treated with PTH (P), sine-wave WBV (s-W) at an acceleration of 0.3 g and 45 Hz for 20 min/day, noise-like WBV (n-W) at a root mean squared acceleration of 0.3g and frequency components of 45 to 100 Hz, s-W combined with PTH (s-W/P), and n-W combined with PTH (n-W/P). Two weeks later, the P, s-W/P, and n-W/P groups were subcutaneously given human PTH (1-34) at a dose of 30 µg/kg/day; the s-W, s-W/P, n-W, and n-W/P groups were exposed to sine-wave or noise-like WBV for 20 min/day. In the combined treatment, PTH was administered 30 min before each WBV session. After 18-day treatment, all mice were euthanized by pentobarbital overdose (i.p.) and the left tibiae were harvested. The proximal metaphyseal region was μCT-scanned, and a volume extending a distance of 1.5 mm distal to the growth plate was reconstructed for structure analysis (9-mm voxel resolution). In addition, its cortical bone cross-section was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and nanoindentation testing. Single application of PTH or sine-wave WBV had no effect on bone structure and material properties of cortical bone. In contrast, noise-like WBV and the combination of PTH with either noise-like or sine-wave WBV increased the volume fraction of trabecular bone (Fig. 1, left). Furthermore, the concurrent use increased the trabecular bone connectivity and the hardness of cortical bone (Fig. 1, right); the latter would be attributed to the elevation of mineral maturity. When combined with PTH, noise-like WBV also increased cortical bone and trabecular bone thickness. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of combining WBV with PTH for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis. Noise-like vibration may be more bone-anabolic than stationary vibration.