Falls in older adults are a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity and may become increasingly common as the world’s population ages 1. Worsening proprioception at the ankle may contribute to mobility and balance deficits. The effect of age on proprioceptive acuity has been investigated but with opposing conclusions and variable methods 2,3. Dependence on the history of muscle contraction and length changes is one influence on proprioception that has not been taken into account. The current study aimed to determine the effect of age on proprioceptive performance at the ankle with the knee straight, as this is relevant for standing, and controlled the history of muscle length changes during testing. Studies were performed in 80 healthy people (42 female, age range 19 – 80 years) to see the effect of age on proprioceptive ability at the ankle joint. Participants sat with their leg extended and rested their foot on a motorised foot plate which rotated through the plantarflexor/dorsiflexor plane. The following proprioceptive outcomes were measured; 1) threshold of detection to passive movement at the ankle, 2) proprioceptive reaction time 3) ankle joint position reproduction. Prior to each trial for each test the ankle was moved backwards and forwards several times to present a constant history of muscle length changes. Reliability of this new methodology and equipment was also studied across multiple test sessions. Linear regression of age against the outcome for each task showed proprioceptive acuity was not affected by age (detection threshold R2 = 0.01,P = 0.42; reaction time, R2 = 0.003, P = 0.65; position reproduction [absolute mean error], R2 = 0.02, P = 0.17). Older people (66-80 years; n=20) had the same ability as younger people (18-35 years; n=20) in all tasks, respective detection thresholds of passive movement (mean±SD) were 0.14±0.07° and 0.14±0.14°; reaction times to movement were 0.25±0.06 s vs 0.25±0.07 s, respectively; and absolute mean error for joint position reproduction, 16.6±10.1° vs 12.4±8.4°, respectively. All measures ranked as good to excellent in reliability: detection threshold ICC = 0.89 (CI = 0.78 -0.95), reaction time ICC = 0.89 (0.77 – 0.95), and joint position sense ICC = 0.93 (0.85 – 0.97). This study is not alone in finding no difference in proprioceptive performance between young and old people 2,4. Exercise has been implicated in preserving proprioceptive ability of older people to the same level as young people 5 and it may be that the older cohort in this study participated in enough activity to retain ankle proprioceptive function. Future age-related proprioceptive investigations should also ascertain participant activity levels.
Physiology 2019 (Aberdeen, UK) (2019) Proc Physiol Soc 43, C063
Oral Communications: Effect of age on ankle proprioception
Z. J. Djajadikarta1, S. C. Gandevia1, J. L. Taylor2
1. Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia. 2. Edith Cowan University, Jundaloop, Western Australia, Australia.
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Where applicable, experiments conform with Society ethical requirements.