Cold exposure impacts aerobic and dexterity performance in humans. The impact of cold exposure on aerobic performance has not been thoroughly studied. The few studies that have been done suggest that aerobic performance is degraded in cold environments. Potential physiological mechanisms (e.g., decreases in deep body and muscle temperature, cardiovascular, metabolism) will be discussed. Dexterity performance is well known to decline during cold exposure and many list the loss of manual dexterity as the number one performance problem in the cold. Manual dexterity is severely degraded at skin temperatures below 15°C. Mechanisms for the decrease in dexterity include reduced hand and finger blood flow, joint mobility, muscle temperatures, and nerve conduction velocity. Potential countermeasures to improve manual dexterity during cold exposure will be discussed.