Consumption of low-quality, high-energy diets in combination with a sedentary lifestyle have made obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) into worldwide epidemics. Obesity is characterised by visceral adiposity, dyslipidaemia, low-grade systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction which together contribute to the development of insulin resistance and progression to T2DM. Prolonged periods of postprandial hyperglycaemia are shown to be an independent risk factor for the development of T2DM and short-term anthocyanin supplementation has been shown to improve glycaemic control, however current evidence has only been conducted using laboratory-based control drinks (Torronen et al., 2010; Willems et al., 2017. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled design, 12 sedentary, overweight, office workers (6 male, 6 female, 28 ± 9 yr, BMI 29.9 ± 4.8), ingested 8 days of anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract (600 mg.d-1) or a visibly matched placebo before undertaking a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) where glucose and insulin concentrations were determined via intermittent blood sampling. Participants also wore a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) before consuming a 24 h standardised diet under free-living conditions on day 7 of supplementation, whereby interstitial glucose excursions were determined. Values are means ± SD, compared by ANOVA. Fasting glucose (NZBC: 5.4 ± 0.7 vs. 5.3 ± 0.4 mmol.L-1, control) and insulin (NZBC: 18.4 ± 7 vs. 20.3 ± 10.2 uIU.ml-1, control) were similar between conditions. Following NZBC ingestion plasma glucose was lower at 45 (7.8 ± 2.1 vs. 8.9 ± 1.4 mmol.L-1), 60 (7.4 ± 2.2 vs. 8.7 ± 1.9 mmol.L-1) and 90 min (6.1 ± 1.7 vs. 6.8 ± 1.3 mmol.L-1), with an 8% reduction in area under the curve (AUC) glucose (P=<0.05). There was no time effect for insulin (P=0.226), however NZBC AUCinsulin was 14% lower (P=<0.05). Following NZBC supplementation, free-living AUCglucose was lower during breakfast (9%; P=<0.05) and lunch (8%; P=<0.05), with no difference at dinner (P=0.643). There was no difference in HOMA-IR (P=0.413), hepatic (P=0.430) or peripheral insulin resistance (P=0.426), however whole-body Matsuda insulin sensitivity index was improved by 22% following NZBC ingestion (P=<0.05). These findings suggest that short-term NZBC extract supplementation can enhance postprandial glucose and insulin responses to a glucose challenge and whole-body insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese individuals. Furthermore, NZBC supplementation is capable of improving free-living glycaemic responses under standardised dietary conditions and may be a viable strategy of improving insulin sensitivity.
Future Physiology 2019 (Liverpool, UK) (2019) Proc Physiol Soc 45, PC20
Poster Communications: 8 days supplementation with New Zealand blackcurrant extract improves free-living glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in sedentary, overweight individuals
A. Nolan1, J. Strauss1, S. O. Shepherd1
1. Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Congleton, Cheshire, United Kingdom.
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Where applicable, experiments conform with Society ethical requirements.