Ageing is associated with reductions in appetite and food intake (1) resulting in unintentional weight loss (2). Such weight loss, particularly through muscle mass reduction is associated with muscle weakness and functional decline, which represent significant predictors of poor health outcomes (3) and are contributing factors to frailty in older people. Resistance exercise is crucial in attenuating age-induced muscle loss, whilst muscle mass gains have been proposed as a means of increasing appetite and energy intake (EI) through changes in metabolic demand (4). Exercise intensities > 60% of maximal oxygen uptake have consistently been shown to acutely supress appetite in younger adults in a variety of exercise modes (5), yet little is known about the acute effects of resistance exercise on appetite and energy intake particularly in older adults. Understanding these effects may aid exercise prescription and provide post-exercise feeding strategies to reduce age-related anorexia and ultimately attenuate age-associated reductions in muscle mass. Therefore, we investigated the effect of an acute bout of resistance exercise on appetite and EI. Twenty healthy, older adults (13 females and 7 males; 68 ± 5 years old, body mass index of 26.2 ± 4.5 kg.m-2) undertook two 5-h experimental trials. On arrival at the laboratory, participants rested for a 0.5-h period before they were given a standardised breakfast. They then rested for a 1-h period before they completed in a randomised crossover design: 1) a 1-h resistance exercise workout followed by 2-h of rest and 2) a control condition where participants rested for a subsequent 3-h period. On cessation of the trials, participants were administered an ad libitum pasta meal for the assessment of EI. Composite appetite scores (CAS) were measured throughout using visual analogue scales. A paired samples t-test revealed no difference in EI between conditions. Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of condition (p = 0.007) and time (p <0.001) but no significant interaction effect (p = 0.153) for CAS, which were lower in the resistance exercise condition. Similarly, area under the curve for the entire trial was significantly different (p = 0.007) between conditions and was associated with a small effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.27). Our findings suggest that an acute resistance exercise bout does not result in EI reductions during an ad libitum meal given 2 h post-exercise, in spite of significant main condition effects in CAS. This significance can be attributed to the temporary suppression of appetite during the resistance exercise bout. Given that appetite profiles remained similar between conditions for the rest of the trial, and that feeding is likely to take place post-exercise, this mode of exercise is an appropriate means for optimising muscle mass adaptations by maintaining subsequent EI of older adults.
Future Physiology 2019 (Liverpool, UK) (2019) Proc Physiol Soc 45, PC90
Poster Communications: Acute effects of resistance exercise on appetite and energy intake in older adults.
K. O. Johnson1, N. Mistry1, J. Matu2, A. Holliday1, T. Ispoglou1, K. Deighton1
1. Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom. 2. School of Applied and Clinical Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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