In the pacemaker of the heart, the sinus node (SN), localised Ca2+ release events (Ca2+ sparks) occur from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) during diastolic depolarization. The resulting elevation of intracellular Ca2+activates the forward mode of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), generating an inward current and accelerating pacemaking. This is referred to as the Ca2+ clock.1 Sick sinus syndrome (including sinus bradycardia) is primarily a disease of ageing. We have previously shown that mRNA and protein expression of RYR2 (SR Ca2+ release channel) is decreased in the sinus node of the aged rat.2 The aim of this study was to determine if the Ca2+ sparks in SN myocytes are altered as a consequence of ageing as this may partially explain the sinus bradycardia associated with age. Single myocytes were isolated by enzymatic digestion of the SN from either 12-14 week or 19-20 month old male C57BL/6J mice (young, n=6 cells from 3 mice; aged, n=4 cells from 3 mice). All procedures were in accordance with the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, were detected by loading cells with 2.5 µM Fluo-8 AM. Cells were bathed in Tyrode’s solution (containing in mM: 140 NaCl, 5.4 KCl, 1 MgCl2, 5 HEPES, 5.5 glucose, 1.8 CaCl2). Confocal Ca2+ imaging was performed using an Andor Revolution XD confocal system with a Yokogawa CSU spinning disk. Ca2+ sparks were analysed offline from x-y image stacks using xySpark software.3 Data is expressed as mean ± S.E.M. Statistical analysis was performed using a Mann-Whitney test and statistical significance was accepted when P<0.05. In aged SN myocytes, mean Ca2+ spark frequency (measured as sparks/1000 µm2/s) was reduced to 35% of the frequency in young SN myocytes (29.0±7.7 in aged vs 94.3±21.6 in young SN myocytes, P<0.05). Mean spark amplitude (ΔF/F0) was 0.06±0.02 in aged and 0.67±0.36 in young SN myocytes (P<0.05), a reduction of ~90%. Average spark spatial width (FWHM) was ~40% greater in aged SN myocytes (4.15±0.2 in aged vs 2.9±0.1 in young SN myocytes; P<0.01). Spark mass was lower in aged SN myocytes (4.11±2.2 in aged vs 14.3±4.1 in young myocytes; P<0.05). Ca2+ spark duration was unchanged between aged and young SN myocytes. These preliminary results show that ageing alters Ca2+ spark frequency and amplitude in the mouse SN. The altered Ca2+ spark characteristics in aged mice could be related to a reduction in RYR2.2 The changes may at least partially explain the sinus bradycardia observed during ageing and the development of sick sinus syndrome.
Physiology 2016 (Dublin, Ireland) (2016) Proc Physiol Soc 37, PCB069
Poster Communications: Ageing alters Ca2+ spark characteristics in the mouse sinus node
L. Miller1, D. Steele2, G. Hart1, M. R. Boyett1, H. Dobrzynski1
1. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. 2. School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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Where applicable, experiments conform with Society ethical requirements.