Cardiovascular response to squat test among young healthy Nigerians

Physiology 2016 (Dublin, Ireland) (2016) Proc Physiol Soc 37, PCA040

Poster Communications: Cardiovascular response to squat test among young healthy Nigerians

A. O. Aiku1,2, S. Ogbonna1

1. Physiology, University of Ibadan, Iibadan, Oyo, Nigeria. 2. Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom.

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Black Africans have a greater prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than White Europeans. Exaggerated responsiveness to postural stress has been implicated in development of CVD. Squatting, imposes one of the most potent orthostatic stresses. Chakrabarti et al., (2002) reported high incidence of stroke among Indians who squatted to defecate in the morning hours. Methods We examined responses evoked in 65 subjects (33 males and 32 females) aged 16-51 years during 2 minutes squat test. The protocol involved 3 minutes of standing followed by 2 minutes of squatting. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at end of 3 minutes of standing (baseline) and at 30 seconds, 60 seconds and 2 minutes during squatting. The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and Pulse pressure (PP) were calculated. Changes from baseline were determined. The values were presented as mean and standard error of mean. Independent sample T test was used to test differences between standing and squatting, p level of 0.05 was taken as significant. Result At 30s of squatting, systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased by 8.569 ±1.243 mmHg, and this increased further at 2 minutes of squatting by 10.569 ± 1.336 mmHg (p=0. 000). The change in SBP ranged from -16 to 42mmHg. Majority of subjects (86.3%) had an increase in SBP, few subjects (3%) had no change in SBP while 7 subjects (10.7 %) had reduced SBP upon assumption of squatting position. The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) significantly increased at 2 minutes of squatting by 2.585 ± 1.168 mmHg (p=0.030). The change ranged from -21 to 34mmHg. A little more than half of subjects (53.8%) had an increase in DBP, while 44.6% had a decrease and 1.5% had no change upon assumption of squatting position. At 30s of squatting, MAP increased by 3.52mmHg, by 2 mins after onset of squatting, MAP had increased by 5.246 mmHg with an increase in Pulse pressure by 7.985 mmHg (p=0.000). The change in mean pulse rate at 30s of squat was 9.15beats per min (bpm). The change ranged from -37 to 13 bpm. Majority of the subjects (83.1%) had a decrease in pulse rate. Conclusion: Squatting significantly increased SBP, MAP and Pulse Pressure with decrease in heart rate. At 30s the change in DBP was not significant, but at 2 minutes DBP increased significantly.



Where applicable, experiments conform with Society ethical requirements.

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