Distinct interneuronal subtypes have evolved in cortical circuits to deliver GABA to specific spatial domains of principal cells at particular times during behaviorally relevant network oscillations. The precise spatiotemporal control of populations of principal cells by the GABAergic system is a critically important yet incompletely understood process that is compromised in several other major neurological and psychiatric disorders. A significant gap in our understanding of the GABAergic control of chronocircuits has been the lack of precise information about the interneuronal firing patterns during network oscillations in the anesthesia-free brain. We will discuss recent results from awake, head-restrained animals that demonstrate the differential, highly specific spike timing of perisomatic and dendritically projecting, rigorously identified hippocampal interneuronal subtypes during theta, gamma, epsilon and ripple oscillations. The results reveal a novel form of frequency-independent temporal ordering of interneuronal discharges during network oscillations in the hippocampus. In addition, we will also discuss how the close integration of experimental findings with large-scale, data-driven computational simulations of hippocampal networks offers a powerful tool towards the identification of key circuit parameters that may be particularly effective in controlling chronocircuit behavior. These closely integrated experimental and computational approaches allows a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying neuronal oscillatory circuit functions in control animals and chronocircuit dysfunction in neurological and psychiatric disorders.