Introduction
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has become a global endemic with severe consequences such as cardiovascular diseases and end-organ damage. Considering the reported use of ethyl acetate extract of Amaranthus hybridus (EAH) as a treatment option in managing DM. It is therefore important to evaluate the outcomes of this plant on some consequences.
Aims /Objectives
This study is designed to evaluate the effect of ethyl acetate extract of Amaranthus hybridus (EAH) on blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods
Thirty male rats weighing 200g to 250g were randomly allotted into five groups (n=6). Group A (Control), B (DM), C; DM +300mg/kg body weight (BW) of Metformin (DMMET), D; DM+300mg/kgBW of EAH (DMEAH), E; 300 mg/kg body weight of EAH (EAH). Diabetes Mellitus was induced with 60mg/KgBW of STZ intraperitoneally. Dose of EAH and MET were administered daily via oral gavage for 14 days. Blood glucose was checked using a glucometer before and on the 7th and 14th day of treatment. On the 14th day, the rats were kept in diethylether fume chamber, blood samples were taken from the heart after cervical dislocation. Serum centrifuged from blood was used to estimate the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol; low and high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride and insulin. Data were expressed as Mean ± SEM and compared using one-way ANOVA. Data was considered statistically significant when P < 0.05.
Results
Blood glucose level on day 7 was lower (P < 0.05) in Control (100.83±3.66mg/dl), DMMET (272.33±45.70 mg/dl) and EAH (152.50±48.27mg/dl) when compared with DM (435.83±34.46mg/dl). On day 14, it was lower (p<0.05) in Control (104.50±3.63mg/dl), DMMET (190.5±43.3266mg/dl), DMEAH (152.5±4866mg/dl) and EAH (75.33±2.3366mg/dl) when compared with DM (460.67±30.556mg/dl). Insulin was higher (p < 0.05) in Control (5.1±0.53 µiU/ml), DMEAH (1.55±0.09 µiU/ml), and EAH (3.23±0.26 µiU/ml) when compared with DM (0.81±0.03 µiU/ml). SOD was higher (p<0.05) in Control (2.94±0.04 µmol/ml), DMMET (2.67±0.07 µmol/ml), DMEAH (2.76±0.06 µmol/ml) and EAH (3.28±0.07 µmol/ml) when compared with DM (1.9±0.04 µmol/ml). CAT was also higher (p < 0.05) in Control (6.97±0.13 µmol/ml), DMMET (6.58±0.08 µmol/ml), DMEAT (6.77±0.06 µmol/ml) and EAH (7.25±0.11 µmol/ml) when compared with DM (5.65±0.14 µmol/ml). MDA was significantly higher in DM (2.69±0.04 µmol/ml) when compared with control and EAH (1.34±0.27; 1.04±0.30 µmol/ml). Total cholesterol was higher(p<0.05) in DM (2.08±0.16mg/dl) than in control (1.44±0.07mg/dl) and EAH (1.41±0.09mg/dl). The level of LDL was significantly lower in control (0.06±0.02mg/dl), DMMET (0.33±0.03mg/dl), DMEAH (0.33±0.02mgldl) and EAH (0.09±.02mg/dl) when compared with DM (0.52±0.05mg/dl). Triglyceride was significantly lower in control (0.72±0.11mg/dl), DMMET (1.1±0.05mg/dl), DMEAH (1.04±0.03mgldl) and EAH (0.82±0.08mg/dl) when compared with DM (3.42±1.44mg/dl). HDL was higher (p< 0.05) in groups control (1.19±0.04mg/dl), DMMET (0.99±0.26mg/dl), DMEAH (0.76±0.01mg/dl) and EAH (1.13±0.04mg/dl) when compared with group DM (0.49±0.03mg/dl).
Conclusion
The result demonstrated that ethyl acetate extract of Amaranthus hybridus improved blood glucose, Lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes in STZ-induced diabetic rats.