Functional investigation of nociceptor-like neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells

Physiology 2015 (Cardiff, UK) (2015) Proc Physiol Soc 34, SA036

Research Symposium: Functional investigation of nociceptor-like neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells

M. A. Mis1, A. Nitzsche2, L. Cao2, J. Bilsland2, E. Stevens2, P. Whiting2, A. Randall1

1. Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Exeter, United Kingdom. 2. Neusentis, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

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The development of new stem cell-based technologies has occurred at a remarkable pace in recent years, and adoption of these technologies is yielding significant impacts throughout the biosciences. In neuroscience much effort has been applied to developing protocols which drive the production of both neurons and glial cells from stem cell sources. With regard to the former, extensive effort has been directed to specifying cells that resemble the multitude of neuronal subclasses found within the central nervous system. Our work, however, has been focussed elsewhere, specifically on the production, and subsequent functional characterization, of peripheral neurons from stem cell sources. We have been especially interested in producing human cells akin to primary sensory neurons, in particular human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived nociceptors (hiPS-dNC). Our cell generation protocols are based upon those described originally by Chambers and colleagues (2012). The protocol involves dual SMAD inhibition to induce neuroectoderm formation, followed by inhibition of GSK-3, γ-secretase, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor/fibroblast growth factor receptor, which drives fate specification toward a sensory phenotype. Neuronal maturation is achieved with a cocktail of growth factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial derived neurotrophic factor, neuronal growth factor, and NT3). The resultant cells express a range of key sensory neuron markers such as TAC1 (substance P/neurokinin A precursor), SLC17A6 (VGLUT2), SCN9A (NaV1.7), and SCN10A (NaV1.8). hiPS-dNC can be prepared in this way from iPS cells collected from both “normal” individuals and those who have known sensory disorder-related genetic mutations. Functionally we have performed extensive neurophysiological analysis of hiPS-dNC derived from multiple donor sources using patch clamp methods at physiological temperatures. With approximately physiological recording solutions somatic resting membrane potentials were between -55 and -60 mV – in alignment with values recorded in rodent nociceptors in vivo. Most cells did not fire action potentials (APs) at rest. Input resistance values averaged <100 MW. Injection of depolarizing current stimuli resulted in TTX-sensitive AP generation in ~90% of cells. Mean rheobase varied from ~250 to ~550 pA dependent on donor. hiPS-dNC could support high rates of AP firing (>50 Hz) for extended periods. Mean AP threshold was between -30 and -40 mV and AP zeniths were ~ +30 mV. AP upstrokes were very fast, averaging around 400 V/s, and in some cases exceeding 600 V/s. Such values are more in line with non-cultured mammalian neurons, such as those recorded in tissue slices. Commensurate with this Na+ current densities were very high (as in acute tissue slices)- and at physiological temperature faithful voltage clamp could only be achieved in nucleated macropatches, which had peak Na+ current densities of >500 pA/pF and K+ current densities at +20 mV of 1 nA/pF. Evidence for expression of Kv7 channels was gathered pharmacologically using XE-991. In summary, hiPS-dNC provide a potential route to gaining better understanding of the basis of human sensory physiology and are also likely to become a valuable tool in the study of human disease states characterized by abnormal sensory function. Additionally, such cells could have a substantial part to play in the future discovery of drugs aimed at treatment of pain and other sensory disorders.



Where applicable, experiments conform with Society ethical requirements.

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