In this talk I will explore the role of GABAergic signalling in motor plasticity. I will discuss the results of studies using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), a non-invasive technique that allows accurate quantification of neurotransmitters within a localised region of the brain, which suggest that decreases in inhibitory signalling occur during plasticity induction. I will go on to present evidence suggesting that this decrease in inhibition can be related to behaviour on a subject by subject basis. I will finish by highlighting recent evidence that modulation of inhibitory processing is important in the maintenance of plasticity in long-term plasticity such as that seen after recovery from stroke.