Store-operated Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane (PM) are activated by the depletion of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and constitute a widespread and highly conserved Ca2+ influx pathway. The best understood store-operated channel is the CRAC channel, which is essential for immune cell function. After store emptying, the ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1 forms multimers, which then migrate to ER-PM junctions where they activate the CRAC channel Orai1. Movement of an intracellular protein to such specialised sites where it gates an ion channel is without precedence but the fundamental question of how STIM1 migrates remains unresolved. Here, we will describe recent results that suggest mitochondria influence trafficking of STIM1 to ER-PM junctions. When open, Ca2+ entry through CRAC channels feeds back to inhibit further Ca2+ influx. Through their ability to buffer cytoplasmic Ca2+, mitochondria reduce Ca2+-dependent inactivation and thus sustain Ca2+ influx. This is important for maintaining slow Ca2+-dependent responses including secretion of paracrine signals and gene expression.
University College Dublin (2009) Proc Physiol Soc 15, SA78
Research Symposium: Mitochondrial regulation of store-operated CRAC channels
A. B. Parekh1
1. Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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