Some studies have shown that SCFAs by acting on leukocytes modulate the inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SCFAs(acetate, propionate and butyrate) on production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), chemotaxis and endothelial interaction of rat neutrophils. Neutrophils obtained from peritoneal cavity after 4 hours of intraperitoneal administration of oyster glycogen(1%). The cells were collected and incubated with acetate(Ac), propionate(Pr) or butyrate(Bt), in different concentrations, for 1 and 4 hours. Production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide was evaluated in the presence or not of PMA. The interaction between leukocytes and vessel walls was evaluated by using intravital microscopy. Rats were anesthetized and the mesentery was exteriorized. After 10 minutes of the application of 20 μL SCFAs, the number of rolling and adhered leukocytes on the postcapillary venule wall was determined. In order to evaluate the chemotaxis and quantify L-selectin and β2-integrin expression, neutrophils were isolated from blood abdominal aorta and incubated with the SCFAs for 4 hours. Expression of L-selectin and β2-integrin was evaluated by flow cytometry and Real-Time PCR. Neutrophil chemotactic response was determined using 96-well disposable chemotactic plates. Bt(8 and 12 mM) reduced the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by neutrophils stimulated with PMA, but did not affect the production by non stimulated cells. To evaluate the mechanism involved in this inhibitory action, expression of NADPH oxidase components(p22phox and p47phox) was examined by Real Time PCR. The SCFAs did not change the expression of p22phox and p47phox. However, Bt(12mM) reduced the phosphorylation of p47phox as determined by Western blotting. Pre-incubation with Ac, Pr and Bt increased chemiotactic capacity of unstimulated neutrophils, but had no effect in the presence of fMLP. Ac(25mM) and Pr(24 mM) increased the number of rolling(86% and 87%,respectively, in comparison to control) and adhered leukocytes(59% and 49%, respectively, in comparison to control). SCFAs, mainly acetate and propionate, increased L-selectin mRNA and membrane migrated L-selectin in neutrophils, but had no effect on β2-integrin expression. Therefore, SCFAs can modulate important aspects of neutrophil physiology involved in the inflammatory response, such as ROS production and neutrophils migration. Bt had an inhibitory effect on ROS production by neutrophils that can partly result from the reduction in the p47phox phosphorylation. SCFAs, mainly acetate and propionate, stimulated the migration of neutrophils by increasing the chemiotatic capacity of these cells raising the expression of L-selectin.