Systems Biology is the ideal approach for determining the mechanisms of Multiple Actions on biological targets (1) since it is concerned with the interactions following intervention on more than one target (2) and it deals with circular causality in complex systems (3). Computer models can be used to sweep through large parameter spaces, and sensitivity analysis can be used to fine-tune the optimum ratios of the components. The approach is based on the ideas that systems biology is necessarily integrative and multi-scale, or multi-level (4); that “there is no privileged level or scale of causality” (the principle of biological relativity (5); and the idea that causality can be circular (3). Systems Biology helps illuminate circular processes identified in Multiple Actions, while the systems concept of attractors in complex systems is also important in analysing dynamic balance in the body processes that traditional medicine (sometimes called scholarly medical traditions) is concerned with. Ways of nudging disordered processes towards good attractors can lead to the development of new ways not only of curing disease but also of its prevention, including cost-effective remedies. This poster discusses the concept of circular causality in Biological Relativity in Ten Principles of Systems Biology (5). It also discusses the relationship between Ten Principles and Multiple Action remedies (1). It shows how the interactions between these ideas and the concepts underlying Multiple Action medicine help to explain why diseases with complex aetiology, which are more prevalent in aging populations, can be treated with multi-component remedies. It also points a way towards new and broader approaches to health and longevity.