Regular aerobic exercise causes autonomic/cardiac electrophysiological changes. Repetitive motions, muscle contractions, rapid & coordinated movements, and extreme foot positions in footballers influence somatic nerve electrophysiological properties. These training effects on somatic nerves are less clear. Heart rate variability (HRV) & nerve conduction study (NCS) variables together in athletes have been poorly studied. Thus we hypothesized that chronic exercise causes changes in HRV and NCS variables simultaneously and aimed at studying somatic nerve conduction and heart rate variability in football players. The football players (n=27, age 22.74±2.52 yrs) with excellent or good cardio-respiratory fitness, as assessed by simple three-minute step test, and sedentary controls (n=29, age 23.41±2.95 yrs) formed the study population. Their tibial and sural nerve conduction and short term heart rate variability were assessed following standard protocols. The difference between the groups was tested by Mann-Whitney U test. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The football players had lower resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic BP than sedentary controls. In nerve conduction study; right tibial proximal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude [12.30(10-17.70) vs 11.10(8.0-13.50) mV, p=0.035], left tibial proximal [14.0(10.20-17.0) vs 11.20(7.33-14.30) mV, p=0.045] and distal [16.80(13.80-19.50) vs 14.20(10.15-17.80) mV, p=0.049] CMAPs amplitude were higher whereas right tibial proximal [7.50(7.0-8.80) vs 9.0(7.30-10.75) ms, p=0.005] and distal [7.20(6.70-8.10) vs 8.30(7-10.25) ms, p=0.046] CMAPs duration were lower in players compared to controls, similar results were obtained for left tibial CMAPs duration. They also had lower left sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) duration [1.80(1.50-1.80) vs 2.00(1.69-2.16) ms, p=0.018]. In HRV, high frequency power, a parasympathetic marker, was higher [1019(582-2127) vs 277(105.50-695.0) ms2, p=0.001] but low frequency in normalized unit [42.30(31.40-50.50) vs 57.80(43.60-70.55), p=0.001] and LF/HF [0.734(.459-1.02) vs 1.372(.775-2.40), p=0.001], the sympathetic markers, were lower in players compared to controls. Higher tibial CMAPs amplitude in football players suggests increase in size / number of muscle fibers / increase in efficiency of neuromuscular transmission. Less tibial CMAPs and sural SNAP duration indicate increase in synchronicity of muscle fibers and sensory nerve fibers discharge respectively. Increase in synchronicity of discharge may be due to narrow range of conduction velocities in motor axons and in sensory axons. Along with somatic nerve changes, football players had higher cardiac parasympathetic and lower sympathetic activity, suggesting synchronized autonomic and somatic adaptation in response to aerobic training.