Cuminum cyminum (CC), a phytoestrogen-rich plant is used in many polyherbal formulations for its possible estrogenic activity. Fruits of CC are reported to contain estrogenic compounds like β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, apigenin and luteoline. The present investigation is aimed at evaluation of estrogenic potential of Cuminum cyminum using in vitro and in vivo models. Estrogenic activity of methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum (MCC) was evaluated in vitro using MCF-7 cell proliferation assay (E-screen). In vivo evaluation included uterotropic assay in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Ovariectomy was performed under ketamine (80 mg/kg, i.p.) and xylazine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) anesthesia. The dose and dosage (200 mg/kg p.o., for 21 days) was selected on the basis of preliminary evaluation performed for estrogenic activity. MCC was fractionated with n-hexane (MCCF1), diethyl ether (MCCF2), chloroform (MCCF3) and water (MCCF4). All the factions were evaluated by E-screen over the concentration range of 1 ng/ml to 10 µg/ml. The chloroform fraction (most active fraction) was evaluated in vivo at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg in OVX rats. MCC significantly increased (w.r.t. vehicle control) MCF-7 proliferation over the concentration range of 1 ng/ml to 100 µg/ml with the maximum increase of 115.78% at 1 µg/ml. In vivo evaluation of MCC at 200 mg/kg in OVX rats caused significant increase in absolute and relative weight of uterus along with the increase in uterine peroxidase (UPO) activity and significant increase in total protein content. MCCF1, MCCF2, MCCF3 and MCCF4 increased cell proliferation maximum by 178.49% (at 100 ng/ml) with MCCF1; 177.98% (at 10 ng/ml) with MCCF2; 208.68% (at 10µg/ml) with MCCF3 and 108.74% (at 1 µg/ml) with MCCF4. MCCF3 when evaluated in vivo, showed significant increase in absolute and relative weight of uterus and increase in glycogen content with no effect on UPO activity at 25 mg/kg. The higher doses 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg did not show any estrogenic activity. Results of in vitro and in vivo estrogenic evaluation signify the estrogenic potential of methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum. All the fractions have also been found to be estrogenic in vitro. The estrogenic potential of the most active chloroform fraction was confirmed by in vivo uterotropic assay. Thus Cuminum cyminum can be a good candidate for developing new estrogenic herbal drug which can be used as uterotropic or anti-fertility agent.