Smell, emotions, memory and cognitive functions are strongly related and olfactory deficits are present in many neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis and significantly schizophrenia, as well as some other disorders, e.g. epilepsy, migraine, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. The close connections between brain structures involved in olfactory processing and those in personality and emotions, principally limbic and orbitofrontal cortical structures, are thought to be responsible. Smaller hippocampus and amygdala volumes have been found to correlate with olfactory ability in young schizophrenics (Rupp et al, 2005). We set out to investigate the relationship between schizotypal personality traits and olfactory ability in a healthy population of 100 university students (50 male, 50 female) aged 18-30 years. Subjects completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ; Raine, 1991) of 74 questions (the higher the score the greater the schizotypal personality) and their olfactory function was measured using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT; max. score 40). They also answered a questionnaire concerning their age, gender, stage of menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive use in women, drug, cannabis and cigarette use, and family and personal history of any relevant neurological or psychiatric condition. Normally distributed SPQ scores between 0-45 were found, with a mean (± standard deviation) of 18.44 (±10.48). For the UPSIT the scores ranged from 21-38 with a mean of 31.06 (±3.67). A significant negative correlation between SPQ and UPSIT values was found (p = 0.031). This was stronger in women, and for the negative SPQ subscore. Women showed greater olfactory acuity (p = 0.009). The effects of menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives were not significant. Drug and cannabis use, despite previous findings that various drugs damage olfactory acuity and that cannabis use is correlated with increased schizotypal scores (Dumas et al., 2002), had no significant effect. Family history of depression was linked to lower UPSIT and higher negative SPQ subscores (p=0.025) indicating a possible genetic component. Smokers had significantly higher SPQ scores (p = 0.017), especially in positive (p = 0.019) and disorganised subscores (p = 0.013). The results suggest that olfactory deficits are proportionally related to degree of schizotypy. This negative correlation between olfactory function and schitzotypal personality has not been recorded before in a healthy population. If olfactory deficits in schizophrenia are related to the pathology of personality disorders in a graded manner, this provides further insight into the pathology of these conditions. This relationship is influenced by a number of other factors, principally gender, smoking and family history.