Professor Adolf Beck (1863-1942), the founder of Physiology Department of the Lviv National Medical University who stood at the cradle of studies of the manifestation of the electrical brain activity, fought political discrimination and racism (anti-Semitism) on his way to becoming one of the XX century’s leading but still unknowing in XXI century to a wide audience, scientist. A. Beck was a pioneer in neurophysiological and psychophysiological methods to investigate cerebral cortex. Beck’s fate was closely tied to the turbulent political and war history of Galicia, a region of the Austrian-Hungarian empire, He performed his influential electrophysiological work at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow and was invited to organize Physiology Department at the Medical Faculty in Lviv, where nominated as professor at the University of Jan Casmir in 1895. This Department in nowadays is in Lviv As professor in Physiology he produced 180 publications and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology. Dr. Beck’s initial interest was the electrophysiology of the nervous system. In 1890 his article about the spontaneous and evoked electrical activity in the brain was published in the ‘Centralblatt für Physiologie’, a leading European Physiology magazine. Beck accurately localised sensory modalities of the cerebral cortex, by electrical and sensory stimulation during recording of electrical activities. In doing this, Beck also found the spontaneous oscillations of the brain potentials, just as Caton (1875) did, and showed that these fluctuations were not related to heart and breathing rhythms, but had to be regarded as genuine electrical brain activities. After Hans Berger’s work on human brain waves (1929), these electrical activities were indicated as the EEG. In the 1890s Beck studied parts of the cerebral cortex that reacted upon stimulation with electro-negativity, first recorded ‘evoked potentials’. Moreover, Beck discovered a new element: a decrease in the amplitude of the potentials upon sensory stimulation. Thus, he was the first to describe the phenomenon, which is now known as the desynchronization of the EEG. It is important to note that the research of Beck was not limited to neurophysiology, but he also worked in the field of general Physiology, such as visceral, sensory, and laboratory medicine. However, Beck’s groundbreaking work and ideas were uknown to wide scientific community due to the diverse factors, including wars, political, ideological grounds and restricted international contacts between different scientific groups. After the WWII Adolf Beck was mainly disregarded, until M.A.B. Brazier (1904-1995), neuroscientist, expert in the history of neuroscience, translated Beck’s dissertation into English (1973). The historical lessons of life story and work Adolf Beck on modern science should be widely explored for educational and scientific purpose.