Possessing the ability to noninvasively elicit brain circuit activity yields immense experimental and therapeutic power. The stimulation of intact brain circuits can be achieved using electrical, magnetic, photonic, and pharmacological methods. However, many of these approaches require invasive procedures such as craniotomy and the surgical implantation of a stimulation device, for example, an electrode. The implementation of ultrasound represents a compelling alternative to current neurostimulation strategies. To determine the feasibility of using ultrasound to stimulate mouse brain circuits, we first examined the influence of pulsed ultrasound on neuronal activity in vitro. In these studies, we determined ultrasound is capable of remotely and noninvasively exciting neuronal activity in hippocampal slice preparations. Our results illustrate that pulsed ultrasound can stimulate action potentials in neurons by activating voltage-gated sodium channels. These ultrasound-mediated changes in neuronal activity were sufficient to trigger the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels, SNARE-mediated exocytosis, and synaptic transmission. Ultrasound waves can be propagated noninvasively through skin, bone, and other tissues in a focused manner. Thus, we next aimed to determine if ultrasound is capable of functionally stimulating intact brain circuits. Our observations illustrate pulsed ultrasound is capable of remotely stimulating intact cortex and descending corticospinal tracts in a focused manner to produce motor behaviors in mice. Collectively, these studies demonstrate pulsed ultrasound is a powerful tool for the noninvasive stimulation of intact mammalian brain circuits and promote further research into the vast potential of ultrasonic neuromodulation.
University College Dublin (2009) Proc Physiol Soc 15, SA90
Research Symposium: Ultrasonic neuromodulation: remote excitation of brain circuits using pulsed ultrasound
W. J. Tyler1
1. SOLS, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
View other abstracts by:
Where applicable, experiments conform with Society ethical requirements.