Background:
Age-related motor decline is increasingly linked to neurochemical changes, particularly in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling. While individual studies suggest associations between GABA levels and motor performance, a structured synthesis is needed to evaluate its potential as a biomarker in older adults.
Objective:
To systematically review evidence on the relationship between GABA concentrations and motor impairment in aging populations, focusing on studies employing magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), serum assays, and multimodal imaging.
Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Proquest for studies from the date of inception till present. Citation search of included studies were also done in addition. Inclusion criteria targeted original research assessing GABA levels in adults aged ≥60 years, with corresponding motor performance outcomes. Data extraction included study design, GABA quantification methods, motor metrics, and population characteristics. Risk of bias was assessed using standardized tools.
Results:
Out of 422 studies thirteen studies met inclusion criteria, (10 from database search and 3 fro citation search) after comprehensive screening for title, abstract and full text encompassing diverse methodologies such as MRS-fMRI, TMS-MRS, and serum biomarker analysis. Across studies, reduced GABA levels were consistently associated with impaired motor function, diminished inhibitory control, and attenuated neuroplasticity. Sensorimotor GABA concentrations—both baseline and task-modulated—emerged as potential predictors of motor decline. However, heterogeneity in measurement techniques, outcome definitions, and population sampling limited direct comparability and precluded quantitative synthesis.
Conclusion:
This systematic review highlights a consistent association between lower GABA levels and motor impairment in older adults. GABA may serve as a promising neurochemical biomarker for age-related motor decline. Future research should prioritize harmonized protocols, longitudinal designs, and standardized motor assessments to validate predictive utility and inform targeted interventions.