Introduction: Chebulinic acid, an ellagitannin, present in the fruits of Terminalia chebula has shown various positive neurological properties. However, there has not been a report of its antidepressant and anxiolytic potentials. This study was conducted to investigate the antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like potentials of chebulinic acid, and possible mode of activity in the laboratory Swiss mice. Methods: Chebulinic acid was evaluated for its antidepressant (Forced swimming test and Tail suspension test) and anxiolytic (Light-dark box test, Hole-board test and Elevated plus maze) potentials in mice. Moreover, the possible involvement of the serotonergic (metergoline, 4mg/kg, i.p.); cholinergic (atropine, 1mg/kg, i.p.); dopaminergic (sulpiride, 50mg/kg, i.p.), and adrenergic (prazosin, 62.5µg/kg, i.p.) systems in depression were explored. Also, the histology of the hippocampus, and neuronal cell proliferation through immunohistochemistry were explored. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM. Variance was analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Newman-Keul’s multiple comparisons test. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Our findings showed antidepressant-like activity of chebulinic acid (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) with significant reduction in the immobility time (59.2±4.5, 52.7±1.6, 53.5±5.6 sec), respectively in forced swimming test (p<0.001) and (145±2.6, 136.0±9.0, 140.2±3.1 sec) respectively at p<0.05 in tail suspension test when compared with the controls (160.0±4.5 and 164.0±8.9) respectively. However, doses 20mg/kg and 40mg/kg showed significant anxiolytic potentials in elevated plus maze, light-dark box test and hole-board paradigms when compared with the control (P<0.05). Also, mobility was reversed in animals pre-treated with sulpiride, prazosin and metergoline. Histological slides of the hippocampus in chronic pre-treatment with chebulinic acid after 7, 14 and 28 days showed expression of ki-67, which corresponds to the presence of neurogenesis. However, vehicle-treated group showed no expression of ki-67. Conclusion: Chebulinic acid may possess antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like potentials which may correspond to its folkloric use in the treatment of neurophysiological disorders. It may exhibit its antidepressant-like potential through cholinergic, adrenergic and serotonergic.