Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is fundamental to energy balance and seems to be relevant for humans. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate adipogenesis, and we will discuss a role of BMP8B in the direct regulation of thermogenesis. Specifically we will examine the regulation of BMP8B by nutritional and thermogenic factors in mature BAT, its role as adrenergic sensitizer and its global effect controlling peripheral and central mechanisms of energy dissipation. Finally we will address the advantages posed by therapeutic strategies focused on modulation of sensitivity to sympathetic tone over other strategies direct to increase brown fat mass.