‘Altitude training’ covers a wide range of different exercise training strategies combining training with hypoxic/altitude exposure in one way or the other. While such strategies in some instances may prove useful in improving exercise capacity at altitude, the scientific evidence for this also being the case for exercise performance conducted at sea level is less clear. During the presentation the pros and cons of the various approaches will be discussed and emphasis will be given to studies that have applied sound experimental designs and measurements. Finally, unpublished data will be presented from recent LHTL studies incl. elite athletes and where current recommendations for LHTL were fulfilled.