In this talk, I will explore how integrative genomic and proteomic approaches are advancing our understanding of obesity and diabetes susceptibility across diverse populations. Drawing on recent work at the University of Copenhagen, I will first discuss key genetic determinants of cardiometabolic traits in the Greenlandic population, where unique genetic architecture—shaped by Arctic adaptation—has revealed high-impact variants that significantly influence obesity and diabetes risk. Furthermore, I will share emerging data from proteomic studies in children, highlighting early molecular signatures linked to metabolic health trajectories. By integrating genetic and protein-level insights across age groups and ancestries, this work underscores the importance of diversity in precision medicine.