Recent studies, conducted almost exclusively in primates, have shown that several cortical areas usually associated with modality-specific sensory processing are subject to influences from other senses. Here we demonstrate using single-unit recordings that visually responsive units are widespread in the auditory cortex of anesthetized with Dormitor (meditomidine hydrochloride 0.1mg/kg), and anaesthesia maintained with intravenous infusion of a mixture of Domitor (0.022 mg/kg/h) and Ketaset (ketamine hydrochloride 5 mg/kg/h). In many cases, these units were also acoustically responsive and frequently transmitted more information in their spike discharge patterns in response to paired visual-auditory stimulation than when either modality was presented by itself. Visually responsive units were present throughout the depth of the cortex. They were particularly common in non-tonotopic areas on the anterior ectosylvian gyrus, where up to 75% (236/315) of units had their responses modulated by visual stimulation. Audio-visual and unimodal visual units were also found within the tonotopic areas including the primary fields located on the middle ectosyslvian gyruis; for example, of all neurons tested in the poster pseudosylvian field and primary auditory cortex, respectively, 18% (15/84) and 9% (10/113) were responsive only to visual stimulation and 19% (16/84) and 11% (12/113) had their responses modulated by both visual and acoustic stimulation. Within each auditory cortical field, the pure tone response properties of neurons sensitive to visual stimuli did not differ in any systematic way from those of visually unresponsive neurons. Neural tracer injections revealed the presence of direct inputs from different areas of visual cortex to both primary and non-primary auditory fields, indicating a potential source of origin of the visual responses in auditory cortex. Visual inputs to the anterior bank of the ectosylvian gyrus originated predominantly from areas thought to be involved in processing object motion, whereas inputs to the posterior and middle ectosyslvian gyri arose from areas concerned with visual object identification. Moreover, direct projections exist from primary visual to primary auditory cortex. These data suggest that multisensory convergence and integration are features common to all auditory cortical areas.
University College London 2006 (2006) Proc Physiol Soc 3, C97
Research Symposium: Physiological and anatomical evidence for multisensory interactions in auditory cortex
Jennifer Kim Bizley1, Fernando Rodriguez Nodal1, Victoria Maria Bajo1, Israel Nelken2, Andrew John King1
1. Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. 2. Department of Neurobiology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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