The perirhinal cortex is part of a network of cortices in the medial temporal lobe that have been suggested to be involved in declarative memory processes. Together with the parahippocampal or postrhinal cortex and the entorhinal cortex, the perirhinal cortex constitutes a major input/output module, mediating information transfer between the hippocampus and widespread areas of the cortex. Interestingly, the cortical connections of the perirhinal cortex appear to be different from those of the parahippocampal/postrhinal cortex, suggesting a functional differentiation. In the lecture, I will summarize the specific organization of perirhinal-entorhinal-hippocampal connections, relate this to perirhinal-cortical connectivity, and compare this with the connectivity of the parahippocampal/postrhinal cortex. Findings in both non-human primates as well as in rodents converge onto the notion that a possible functional differentiation between the perirhinal cortex and the parahippocampal/postrhinal cortex relates to different portions of the entorhinal cortex, as well as to different hippocampal domains. Therefore, the data appear to indicate that the cortico-parahippocampal-hippocampal system comprises at least two parallel routes, which mediate the transfer of functionally different types of information. These two parallel routes are organized such that cross-talk, i.e. convergence, may occur at various hierarchical stages of processing.